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A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as "Chang Zheng" means "Long March" in Chinese pinyin. The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history. ==History== (詳細はsatellite, known as Dong Fang Hong 1 ("the East is Red"), into Earth orbit on its Long March space rocket on April 24, 1970, becoming the fifth nation to achieve independent launch capability. Early launches had a spotty record, focusing on launching of Chinese satellites. Starting in 1990, the Long March rocket entered the international market. However, several setbacks occurred during the early 1990s. On January 26, 1995, a Long March 2E rocket veered off course two seconds after take-off from Xichang space center and exploded, killing at least six on the ground. On February 14, 1996, a similar failure occurred during the launch of Intelsat 708: The rocket veered severely off course immediately after clearing the launch tower and crashed into a village.〔Long March Rocket Explodes - 長征火箭爆炸 长征火箭爆炸 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBJ9ue6GKek〕 Following the disaster, foreign media were sequestered in a bunker for five hours while, some have alleged, the Chinese military attempted to 'clean up' the damage. Officials later blamed the failure on an "unexpected gust of wind" Xinhua News Agency initially reported 6 deaths and 57 injuries. In the aftermath of the explosion, U.S. satellite makers shared information that allowed the Chinese to determine that the problem was in the welds. This sharing of information was later deemed illegal by the United States, and U.S. satellite maker Loral Space and Communications was fined $14 million by the U.S. government.〔Mintz, John, ("2 U.S. space giants accused of aiding China Hughes, Boeing allegedly gave away missile technology illegally" ), ''The Washington Post'', Jan. 1, 2003〕 For thirteen years starting in August 1996, 75 consecutive successful launches were conducted, including multiple milestones: * On October 15, 2003, the Long March 2F rocket successfully launched the ''Shenzhou 5'' spacecraft/orbiter carrying China's first astronaut into space; China thus became the third nation to send a person in space independently, after the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States. * On October 12, 2005, Long March 2F launched the ''Shenzhou 6'' with two astronauts. * On June 1, 2007, Long March rockets completed their 100th launch overall. * On October 24, 2007, the Long March 3A successfully launched (18:05 GMT+8) the "Chang'e 1" lunar orbiting spacecraft from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. * On September 25, 2008, a Long March 2F launched ''Shenzhou 7'', China's first three-man mission and first EVA mission. The string of successful launches ended on August 31, 2009, when the launch of Palapa-D partially failed due to a third stage malfunction. On the June 11, 2013, a Long March 2F, launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, putting three astronauts into orbit for the Shenzhou 10 mission. As of 2015, there have been at least 200 Long March missions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Long March (rocket family)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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